Personal Hygiene and Soil Transmitted Helminth Incidence in Elementary School Students Amanuban Barat District, South Central Timor

Authors

  • Michael Bhadi Bia Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia and Center of Excellence, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Ni Made Susilawati Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Agnes Rantesalu Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Karol Octrisdey Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Winioliski L.O. Rohi Bire Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.Vol20.Iss2.932

Keywords:

Effect, Personal Hygiene, Soil Transmitted Helminth

Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminth infection remained a significant public health problem in many developing countries. Elementary school-age children dominated the cases in Indonesia due to poor personal hygiene. South Central Timor had the top three poverty and the highest stunting rates in East Nusa Tenggara. Research to examine the relationship between personal hygiene and the incidence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth infection had never been conducted in South Central Timor. The study population consisted of 279 elementary school students selected from Inpres Nulle Elementary School, Inpres Neonmat Elementary School, and GMIT Nulle Elementary School through the Multistage Random Sampling technique. It was obtained 160 children as the study samples. The study found that 46 children (29.0%) were positive for STH, and 114 (71.0%) were negative for STH. Furthermore, 30 (65.2%) were positive for hookworm, 14 (30.4%) were positive for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 2 (4.4%) children had mixed infections. Multiple Logistic Regression Tests showed a significant effect of washing hands with soap after defecating with p = 0.031 and OR = 7.158. Thus, if a child did not wash his hands with soap after defecating, he had a risk of STH infection by 7.158 times. Furthermore, the effect of eating habits obtained a p = 0.038 and an OR value = 0.133 with the possibility of eating habits that did not protect against STH infection. In addition, the effect of dirty nails obtained a p=0.064 and an OR=5.264, which indicated the risk of contracting STH by 5.264 times. The effect of snacking habit obtained a p = 0.005 and an OR=0.121. It can be concluded that the incidence of STH was simultaneously influenced by the habit of defecating on the ground, washing hands without soap after defecation, eating raw food, having dirty nails, and having poor snacking habits.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ali, R. U., Zulkarnaini, Z., & Affandi, D. (2016). Hubungan personal hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan dengan angka kejadian kecacingan (soil transmitted helminth) pada petani sayur di kelurahan maharatu kecamatan marpoyan damai kota pekanbaru. Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia, 3(1), 24-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.3.1.p.24-32 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31258/dli.3.1.p.24-32

Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Houngbégnon, P., Accrombessi, M., Atindégla, E., Yard, E., Means, A. R., Kennedy, D. S., Littlewood, D. T. J., Garcia, A., Massougbodji, A., Galagan, S. R., Walson, J. L., Cottrell, G., Ibikounlé, M., Ásbjörnsdóttir, K. H., & Luty, A. J. F. (2021). Factors associated with soil-transmitted helminths infection in Benin: Findings from the deworm3 study. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(8), e0009646. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009646 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009646

Bia, M. B. (2019). Prevalensi Dan Gejala Klinis Infeksi Nematoda Usus Pada Anak Di Dusun Kuanoah Desa Noelbaki Kabupaten Kupang Tengah. Prosiding Semnas Sanitasi, 251-257. Retrieved from https://semnaskesling.poltekeskupang.ac.id/index.php/ss/article/view/40

Bisara, D., & Mardiana, M. (2014). Kasus Kecacingan Pada Murid Sekolah Dasar Di Kecamatan Mentewe, Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Kalimantan Selatan Tahun 2010. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan, 13(3 Sep), 255-264. https:doi.org/10.22435/jek.v13i3 Sep.5120.255-264

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. (2022). Statistik Kesehatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2021. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2021i1.1042

Bria, M., Arwati, H., & Tantular, I. S. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in children of Manusak Village, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Qanun Medika-Medical Journal Faculty of Medicine Muhammadiyah Surabaya, 5(2), 225-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jqm.v5i2.5191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30651/jqm.v5i2.5191

Campbell, S. J., Nery, S. V., D’Este, C. A., Gray, D. J., McCarthy, J. S., Traub, R. J., ... & Clements, A. C. (2017). Investigations into the association between soil-transmitted helminth infections, haemoglobin and child development indices in Manufahi District, Timor-Leste. Parasites & vectors, 10(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2084-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2084-x

Center for Desease Control and Prevention. (2020). Epidemiology & Risk Factors. Center for Desease Control and Prevention.

Center for Desease Control and Prevention. (2022). Parasites- Soil Transmitted Helminths. Center for Desease Control and Prevention.

Dahal, A. S., Francis, E. O., Francis, J. E., & Wamtas, F. I. (2019). Soil-transmitted helminths and associated risk factors among elementary school pupils in Dadin Kowa, Jos. Nigerian Medical Journal: Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 60(4), 181-185. https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.nmj_62_19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_62_19

Dhaka, R., Verma, R., Kumar, R., Chayal, V., Bhalla, K., Singh, R., Agrawal, G., & Kumar, G. (2019). Pattern and determinants of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in a rural area of Haryana: A school-based study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(6), 1971-1975. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_278_19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_278_19

Djuardi, Y., Lazarus, G., Stefanie, D., Fahmida, U., Ariawan, I., & Supali, T. (2021). Soil-transmitted helminth infection, anemia, and malnutrition among preschool-age children in nangapanda subdistrict, indonesia. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(6), e0009506. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009506

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tingkat Nasional, Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota tahun 2021. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.litbang.kemkes.go.id/buku-saku-hasil-studi-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-tahun-2021/

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2011). Pedoman Pembinaan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS). Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Kurscheid, J., Laksono, B., Park, M. J., Clements, A. C. A., Sadler, R., McCarthy, J. S., Nery, S. V., Soares-Magalhaes, R., Halton, K., Hadisaputro, S., Richardson, A., Indjein, L., Wangdi, K., Stewart, D. E., & Gray, D. J. (2020). Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth infections in semarang, central java, indonesia. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(12), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008907 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008907

Lee, J., & Ryu, J. S. (2019). Current status of parasite infections in Indonesia: A literature review. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 57(4), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.329 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.329

Mau, F., & Mulatsih. (2017). Prevalence and Intensity of Soil-Tansmitted Helminth Infections Among Elementary School Students in West Sumba and Central Sumba Districts East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Journal of Medical Science And Clinical Research, 5(10), 28988–28994. https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i10.88 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i10.88

Nisha, M., Aiman, M., Asyhira, N., Syafiq, H., Atiqah, N., Kumarasamy, V., Tan, M. P., & Davamani, F. (2020). Risk factors associated with soil transmitted helminth (STH) infection in two indigenous communities in Malaysia. In Tropical Biomedicine, 37(2), 379-388. Retrieved from https://msptm.org/files/Vol37No2/379-388-Nisha-M.pdf

Notoatmodjo, S. (2012). Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku. PT.Rineka Cipta.

Parija, S. C., Chidambaram, M., & Mandal, J. (2017). Epidemiology and clinical features of soil-transmitted helminths. Tropical parasitology, 7(2), 81-85. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5652059/

Pasaribu, A. P., Alam, A., Sembiring, K., Pasaribu, S., & Setiabudi, D. (2019). Prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school children living in an agricultural area of North Sumatera, Indonesia. BMC Public Health, 19, 1066. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7397-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7397-6

Paun, R., Bia, M. B., Shagti, I., Gunawan, Y. E. S., Krisyudhanti, E., Dafroyati, Y., & Mau, F. (2021). The Relationship Between Intestinal Worm Infection and Stunting In Elementary School Children In South Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. 8th International Conference on Public Health 2021, 328-333. Retrieved from https://www.neliti.com/publications/558416/the-relationship-between-intestinal-worm-infection-and-stunting-in-elementary-sc

Paun, R., Olin, W., & Tola, Z. (2019). The impact of soil transmitted helminth (STH) towards anemia case in elementary school student in the district of Northwest Sumba. Global Journal of Health Science, 11(5), 117-117. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n5p117 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n5p117

Rahayu, N., Meliyanie, G., & Kusumaningtyas, H. (2020). Hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku dengan kasus cacingan anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Balangan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. JHECDs: Journal of Health Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, 6(2), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.22435/jhecds.v6i2.2774 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22435/jhecds.v6i2.2774

Rahmawati, Z. R., Hermansyah, B., Efendi, E., Armiyanti, Y., & Nurdian, Y. (2020). Hubungan Higienitas Perorangan terhadap Kejadian Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis pada Pekerja Perkebunan Widodaren di Kabupaten Jember Association between Personal Hygiene and Incidence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis among Workers at Widodaren Plantatio. In Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences, 6(1), 7-13. http://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/99481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/ams.v6i1.9593

Sinaga, E., Wanti., K. (2014). Sanitasi, Higiene Perorangan dan Pencemaran Tanah oleh Cacing pada Kecacingan pada anak di Kelurahan Liliba, Kecamatan Oebobo Kota Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Global Medical and Health Communication, 2(1), 42–48. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unisba.ac.id/index.php/gmhc/article/view/1529

Susilawati, N. M., & Smaut, R. K. (2017). Prevalensi Parasit Soil Transmitted Helminths Pada Anak Usia 2-9 Tahun Di Rukun Warga 04 Kelurahan Batakte Kecamatan Kupang Barat Kabupaten Kupang Tahun 2017. JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN, 15(1), 204–211. Retrieved from https://jurnal.poltekeskupang.ac.id/index.php/infokes/article/view/141

Tiruneh, T., Geshere, G., & Ketema, T. (2020). Prevalence and Determinants of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections among School Children at Goro Primary School, South West Shewa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2020, 8612054. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8612054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8612054

WHO. (2012). Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases: Eliminating Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases as A Public Health Problem in Children, Progress Report 2001–2010 and Strategic Plan 2011–2020. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44804

WHO. (2022). Soil-transmitted helminth infections. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections

Downloads

Published

2022-12-31

How to Cite

Bia, M. B., Susilawati, N. M. ., Rantesalu, A. ., Octrisdey, K. ., & Bire, W. L. R. . (2022). Personal Hygiene and Soil Transmitted Helminth Incidence in Elementary School Students Amanuban Barat District, South Central Timor. JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN, 20(2), 260–269. https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.Vol20.Iss2.932

Issue

Section

Original Articles
Abstract viewed = 201 times